Research Article

Smart Thermoelectric Air-Conditioning with Energy Management and Dual HVAC Mode

Abstract

This work details the design and implementation of a smart thermoelectric air conditioning system developed to address the inefficiencies of traditional vapour compression air conditioners, including high energy consumption and environmental concerns. Our objective was to design and develop a multifunctional, energy-efficient, and eco-friendly alternative. The system integrates solid-state thermoelectric cooling (TEC) with a water-based heat exchange system that utilizes a paraffin wax Phase Change Material (PCM) to enhance thermal regulation and efficiency. A custom-made PCB featuring an ATmega328P microcontroller was developed for intelligent control, enabling the management of multiple power sources and supporting both cooling and heating modes. Testing in a controlled environment demonstrated the prototype’s efficacy, as it successfully lowered the room temperature by 6°C in the first hour and stabilized it at a comfortable 25°C. The system also proved its dual-mode capability by raising the room temperature by 5-6°C within the same time-frame. These results confirm the feasibility and practicality of a sustainable and smart thermoelectric air conditioning solution for small to medium-sized spaces. The translational aspect of this research lies in its potential to advance consumer-grade air  conditioning technology. By offering a solid-state, refrigerant-free, and energy-efficient solution with built-in air purification, this technology has the potential for significant clinical impact by improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort, particularly in off-grid or remote applications, thereby enhancing overall human well-being.