Research Article

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in Postpartum and Non-Postpartum FemaleWistar Rats Exposed to Pesticides

Abstract

Pesticide exposure, particularly from compounds such as dichlorvos, dimethoate, and cypermethrin, is a major environmental concern, leading to oxidative stress in biological systems. This study investigates the differential oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in postpartum and non-postpartum female Wistar rats exposed to these pesticides, individually and in combinations. Sixty-four female rats were randomly assigned to eight groups and exposed to varying pesticide mixtures over 28 days. Oxidative stress biomarkers,  ncluding malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST), were analyzed in uterine and ovarian tissues to assess oxidative damage and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The results revealed significant reductions in antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated MDA levels across all pesticideexposed groups, with the most pronounced effects observed in groups exposed to combined pesticides. The triple combination of dichlorvos, dimethoate, and cypermethrin induced the highest oxidative burden, marked by severe reductions in antioxidant defenses and increased lipid peroxidation. Notably, postpartum rats exhibited relatively higher antioxidant capacities compared to non-postpartum counterparts, suggesting potential physiological adaptations that may mitigate oxidative insults during the postpartum stage. These findings highlight the compounded toxicological risks associated with pesticide mixtures and underscore the critical need to regulate pesticide exposure. The study provides valuable insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying pesticide-induced oxidative stress and its implications for reproductive health, particularly during sensitive life stages such as postpartum. These results emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to reduce pesticide toxicity and protect reproductive health.