Article

Clinico-Pathological Evaluation of Oral Mucocutaneous Diseases

Abstract

The oral mucous membrane is often affected by oral mucocutaneous diseases (MCDs) as a heterogeneous group of disorders, and histopathology is the principal criterion for diagnosis of it. This study had aimed to compare the clinical evaluation of oral mucocutaneous diseases with histopathological diagnosis. The Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, carried out a future-oriented observational study. The study was conducted between July 2019 and October 2020 in 65 patients clinically diagnosed with mucocutaneous oral disorders. All the patients of dermatologic diseases with oral manifestations were selected for histopathological examination. It was observed in this study that majority (80.0%) of the patients was in inflammatory group, followed by 11(16.9%) autoimmune disease and 2(3.1) malignant disease group. Based on clinical diagnosis, among 65 patients, more than half (52.31%) patients had oral lichen planus, followed by 18(27.7%) erythema multiforme, 5(7.7%) pemphigus vulgaris, 3(4.6%) discoid lupus erythematosus, 2 (3.1) pemphigoid group, 1(1.5%) systemic lupus erythematosus and 2 (3.08%) had squamous cell carcinoma. Building on historical findings from autoimmune disorders, nine true positive cases were identified, two false positive, two false negative ones and 52 true negative ones. On the other hand, the histological findings found 1 genuine positive patient, 0 false negative patient and 63 true negative malignant patients. Finally, 50, 3, 2 and 10 patients demonstrated really positive, false positive and false negative histological findings based on inflammatory illnesses. correspondingly Inflammatory disorders. The clinical symptoms and histological results of mucocutaneous oral disorders had statistical meaning (p<.05). The 45 (69.23%) patients with oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphius group and squamous cell carcinome showed buccal mucosa involvement with 31, 9, 2 and 2 patients, respectively. Moreover, 7 (10.76%), 6 (9.23%), 5 (7.69%) and 2 (3.07%) were also involved, respectively, in individuals who had tongue, gingiva, lip and palate. It is possible to infer that clinical diagnosis cannot be utilised as a trusted tool to diagnose mucocutaneous disorders and hence histological investigation should be carried out in the majority of cases to plan the proper management.

Keywords: Mucocutaneous diseases (MCD), oral mucous membrane, histopathology of oral mucocutaneous disease (MCD), clinical diagnosis of oral mucocutaneous disease (MCD)