Research Article

Dental Health status and knowledge and behaviors of caretaker about dental health care practices among children 3-5 years in xaythany district, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR

Abstract

Background: The oral health of children aged 3–5 years is predominantly characterized by dental caries (tooth decay). This issue stems from inadequate oral care, as children in this age group are not yet capable of maintaining self-care and require consistent support and supervision from caregivers. Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing primary care and fostering proper oral hygiene habits in children. Objective: To study the prevalence of dental caries among preschool children aged 3–5 years, and to assess the knowledge and behaviors of caregivers regarding oral health care in Xaythany District, Vientiane Capital. Methodology: This study employed a cross sectional design. Quantitative data were collected through structured interviews and clinical oral examinations. The total sample size consisted of 248 participants, divided into two groups: caregivers and preschool children aged 3–5 years. Caregivers were interviewed, while the children underwent clinical examinations for oral and dental health. Result: The study revealed that the prevalence rate of dental caries among preschool children aged 3–5 years was 71.4%. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index was 4.99 (approximately 5 teeth per child). The highest prevalence of dental caries was observed in the 4-year-old age group. The age range of caregivers was between 22 and 54 years (Mean ±SD) (34.54 ±5.52). Knowledge: The majority of caregivers (79%) demonstrated a high level of knowledge, with an average score of 6.15 out of a total of 7 points. Overall caregiver behavior was rated at a moderate level, with an average score of 15.23 out of a maximum of 26 points. There was a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of dental caries and the caregivers’ knowledge and oral care practices (P-value= 0.03, OR= 1.85, CI95% [1.03-3.34]). Conclusion: This study indicates a high prevalence of dental caries in children. Despite caregivers possessing adequate knowledge and understanding of the causes of tooth decay, their practical implementation (behavior) remains suboptimal. It is recommended that relevant sectors focus on developing systematic and continuous oral health education programs for caregivers to reduce the incidence of dental caries and improve the overall oral health of young children.