Review Article

Review: Sulfa drugs derivatives antibacterial activity

Abstract

Bacterial infections continue to pose a significant threat due to the development of persistent diseases and the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant microbial pathogens. Therefore, there is a pressing need to undertake systematic efforts aimed at discovering new and effective therapeutic agents, making the design and synthesis of novel analogs targeting bacterial systems essential. The development of new sulfonyl- or sulfonamide-bearing analogs that are less toxic, highly potent, and associated with minimal side effects has become a prominent area of research in medicinal chemistry. The importance of the sulphonamide moiety in medicinal chemistry is well established, as it represents a key structural class found in many widely used drugs. Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is a commonly used sulphonamide drug in veterinary medicine, where it acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of livestock diseases, including gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is another widely used sulphonamide drug, frequently administered in combination with the antimalarial agent pyrimethamine for the treatment of toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded animals.