Review Article

A Review on Ophthalmoplegia Through Patient Case Studies: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Ophthalmoplegia, a condition marked by paralysis or weakness of extraocular muscles, leads to impaired eye movement and associated visual disturbances. This comparative review focuses on ophthalmoplegia through detailed case studies, aiming to deepen our understanding of the diverse presentations, underlying causes, and treatment responses of the condition. By examining cases of different types of ophthalmoplegia, such as isolated oculomotor nerve palsy, progressive chronic external ophthalmoplegia, and ophthalmoplegia associated with systemic or genetic conditions, this review highlights the range of patient outcomes. The emphasis is on diagnostic strategies, treatment approaches, and patientcentered care. The findings suggest that customized treatment, based on a precise etiological diagnosis and severity, can significantly improve prognosis and quality of life. The review concludes with  recommendations for optimizing diagnostic tools and exploring future therapeutic options, including advancements in gene therapy and neurorehabilitation.