Review Article

Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism And Its Effects on Dyslipidemia: As Narrative Review

Abstract

The literature on the connection between dyslipidemia, clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism is critically analyzed in this narrative review. These conditions are frequently observed among adult populations and various studies and meta-analyses have assessed their association. Hypothyroidism (Clinical and subclinical) is frequently associated with higher serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides. Thyroid hormones (TH) has an effects on the production, clearance and transformation of cholesterol, however, recent studies suggest that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also participates in lipid metabolism independently of TH. Therefore, the mechanism of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia is associated with the decrease of TH and the increase of TSH levels. Some newly identified regulatory factors, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, angiogenin-like proteins and fibroblast growth factors are the underlying causes of dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism. HDL serum concentration changes were not consistent, and its function was reportedly impaired. The current review focuses on the updated understanding of the mechanism of hypothyroidism-related dyslipidemia.